Списък на темите в Анатомията на Грей: IX. Неврология
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Темите (183-220) по-долу са покрити в глава IX-та: Неврология от Анатомията на Грей (версия от 1918 г.)
Structure of the nervous system (Тема 183)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Non-medullated Fibers
- Gray or gelatinous nerve fibers (fibers of Remak)
- Structure of the Peripheral nerves and Ganglia
- Structure of the Peripheral nerves и Ganglia
- Origins and Terminations of Nerves
- origins или central terminations; и peripheral terminations
- Motor nerves
- Ганглии
- Neuron theory
- Fasciculi, трактове или fiber systems
Development of the nervous system (Тема 184)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Гръбначен стълб
- Roof-plate of medulla spinalis
- Floor-plate of medulla spinalis
- layers
- Spongioblasts
- germinal cells
- Neuroblasts
- Dorsal lamina (Alar lamina)
- Ventral lamina (Basal lamina)
- Terminal ventricle
- Oval bundle
- filum terminale
- spinal nerves
- Hind-brain
- isthmus rhombencephali
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
- Rhombic grooves
- Мост: development of:
- Малък мозък: development of:
- Fissura prima (cerebellum)
- Fissura secunda (cerebellum)
- Среден мозък
- Prosencephalon
- Diencephalon
- thalamus
- metathalamus
- epithalamus
- posterior commissure
- Pineal recess (recessus pinealis)
- pars mamillaris hypothalami
- Telencephalon
Fissures and Sulci
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- central sulcus
- intraparietal sulcus
- cingulate sulcus
- lateral cerebral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)
- Sylvian fossa
- medulla spinalis or spinal cord
- conus medullaris
- filum terminale
- dura mater
- epidural cavity
- subdural cavity
- arachnoid
- subarachnoid cavity
- pia mater
- ligamentum denticulatum
- spinal ganglion
- spinal segments (Neuromeres)
- cauda equina
- filum terminale
- Enlargements of medulla spinalis
- Enlargements of medulla spinalis
- Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior)
- Posterior median sulcus (sulcus medianus posterior)
- posterolateral sulcus
- posterior funiculus
- postero-intermediate sulcus
- fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
- fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)
- antero-lateral region
- anterior funiculus
- lateral funiculus
- Internal Structure of the Medulla spinalis
- Gray substance (substantia grisea centralis)
- central canal
- Anterior column (columna anterior; anterior cornu)
- lateral column (columna lateralis; lateral cornu)
- Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
- Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
- Central canal (canalis centralis)
- substantia gelatinosa centralis
- Nerve cells in the Anterior column
- Nerve cells in the Lateral column
- Nerve cells in the Lateral column
- Nerve cells in the Posterior column
- White substance (substantia alba)
- Nerve fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
- anterior cerebrospinal (fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior; direct pyramidal tract)
- Descending fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
- Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
- lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis; crossed pyramidal tract)
- Descending fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
- rubrospinal fasciculus (Monakow) (prepyramidal tract)
- olivospinal fasciculus (Helweg)
- Ascending fasciculi
- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig)
- superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
- ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus (Gowers)
- Descending fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
- Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)
- Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- descending fibers occupy different parts at different levels
- Roots of spinal nerves
The brain or encephalon (Тема 186)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Brain (Encephalon)
- Brain: divisions of:
- Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius)
The hind-brain or rhombencephalon (Тема 187)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Medulla oblongata (spinal bulb)
- Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior; ventral or ventromedian fissure)
- Posterior median fissure (fissura mediana posterior; dorsal or dorsomedian fissure)
- pyramid of medulla oblongata (pyramis medullæ oblongatæ)
- pyramidal decussation
- olive (oliva; olivary body)
Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata – lower part
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- tubercle of Rolando (tuber cinereum)
Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata – upper part
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- medial nucleus
- lateral nucleus
- lemniscus (fillet)
- decussation of the lemniscus (sensory decussation)
- locus cæruleus
- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract)
- proper fasciculi (basis bundles)
Myelencephalon: Gray Substance of the Medulla oblongata
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- dorsal nucleus
- ala cinerea (trigonum vagi)
- nucleus of the cochlear nerve and nucleus of the vestibular nerve
- olivary nuclei
Myelencephalon: Inferior peduncle (restiform body)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus
- olivocerebellar fibers
- Internal arcuate fibers
- anterior external arcuate fibers
- reticularis alba
- reticularis grisea
- inferior central nucleus (nucleus of Roller)
- nucleus lateralis
- lemniscus
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Pons (pons Varoli)
- tænia pontis
- anterior surface (pars basilaris pontis)
- posterior surface (pars dorsalis pontis)
- basilar part of the pons
- superficial transverse fibers (fibræ pontis superficiales)
- deep transverse fibers (fibræ pontis profundæ)
- longitudinal fasciculi (fasciculi longitudinales)
- Tegmental part of pons
- trapezoid body
- trapezoid nucleus
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- pontine nuclei
- superior olivary nucleus (nucleus olivaris superior)
- nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (nuclei n. trigemini)
- nucleus of the abducent nerve (nucleus n. abducentis)
- nucleus of the facial nerve (nucleus n. fascialis)
- Cerebellum
- Lobes of the Cerebellum
- horizontal sulcus
- upper surface of the cerebellum
- lingula (lingula cerebelli)
- Lobulus Centralis and Alæ (wing)
- Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
- Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
- Folium vermis and Superior semilunar lobule
- folium vermis (folium cacuminis; cacuminal lobe)
- superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules)
- horizontal sulcus
- lobus semilunaris
- under surface of the cerebellum
- Nodule and Flocculus
- Nodule and Flocculus
- Uvula and Tonsilla
- uvula (uvula vermis; uvular lobe)
- sulcus valleculæ
- furrowed band
- tonsilla (tonsilla cerebelli; amygdaline nucleus)
- bird's nest (nidus avis)
- lobus uvulæ
- lobus pyramidis
- Tuber vermis (tuber valvulæ)
- Inferior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris inferior; postero-superior lobule)
- lobus tuberus (tuberæ lobe)
- White substance
- projection fibers
- projection fibers
- superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva)
- projection fibers
- ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
- middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis)
- superior fasciculus
- inferior fasciculus
- deep fasciculus
- inferior cerebellar peduncles (restiform bodies)
- anterior medullary velum (velum medullare anterius; valve of Vieussens; superior medullary velum)
- projection fibers
- posterior medullary velum (velum medullare posterius; inferior medullary velum)
- Fibrae propriae
- Gray substance
- Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
- Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
- Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
- Fourth ventricle (ventriculus quartus)
- Roof or Dorsal Wall
- Roof or Dorsal Wall
- Choroid plexuses
- Openings in the Roof
- medial aperture (foramen Majendii)
- lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)
- Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
- Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
- Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
The mid-brain or mesencephalon (Тема 188)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- cerebral peduncles (pedunculus cerebri; crus cerebri)
- base (basis pedunculi; crusta or pes)
- substantia nigra (intercalatum)
- tegmentum
- gray substance
- red nucleus
- interpeduncular ganglion
- thalamic tract of the cranial nerves
- central tract of the trigeminal nerve
- rubrospinal tract (bundle of Monakow)
- lateral lemniscus (lemniscus lateralis)
- brachium
- inferior colliculus (colliculus inferior; inferior quadrigeminal body; postgemina)
- superior colliculus (colliculus superior; superior quadrigeminal body; pregemina)
- cerebral aqueduct (aqueductus cerebri; aqueduct of Sylvius)
- ventricle of the mid-brain
- central gray stratum
The fore-brain or prosencephalon (Тема 189)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Diencephalon
Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Thalamus
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Thalami (optic thalamus)
- extremities
- superior surface
- Metathalamus
- geniculate bodies
- medial geniculate body (corpus geniculatum mediale; internal geniculate body; postgeniculatum)
- lateral geniculate body (corpus geniculatum laterale; external geniculate body; pregeniculatum)
- Epithalamus (see also Habenula and Habenular nuclei)
- trigonum habenulæ
- pineal body (corpus pineale; epiphysis)
- posterior commissure
- nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch)
- Hypothalamus
- subthalamic tegmental region
- greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
- greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
- Optic chiasma (chiasma opticum; optic commissure)
Diencephalon/Other
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
- roof
- floor
- Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
- floor
- anterior boundary
- posterior boundary
- lateral wall
- Interpeduncular fossa
- Telencephalon
- cerebral hemispheres
- longitudinal cerebral fissure (Fissura longitudinalis)
- falx cerebri
- corpus callosum
- splenium
- genu
- rostrum
- fornix
- Cerebral hemispheres: surfaces of:
- Poles of cerebral hemispheres
- preoccipital notch
- gyri
- Sulci and fissures of cerebral hemisphere
- Lateral cerebral fissure (fissura cerebri lateralis; fissure of Sylvius)
- Central sulcus (sulcus centralis; fissure of Rolando; central fissure)
- Parietoöccipital fissure (fissura parietoöccipitalis)
- Calcarine fissure (fissura calcarina)
- Cingulate sulcus (sulcus cinguli; callosomarginal fissure)
- Collateral fissure (fissura collateralis)
- Sulcus circularis (circuminsular fissure)
- Lobes: of cerebral hemisphere
- Frontal lobe (lobus frontalis)
- precentral sulcus
- superior frontal sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus
- anterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis anterior; ascending frontal convolution; precentral gyre)
- superior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis superior; superfrontal gyre)
- superior frontal gyrus
- middle frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis medius; medifrontal gyre)
- inferior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis inferior; subfrontal gyre)
- inferior surface or orbital surface
- medial surface
- Parietal lobe (lobus parietalis)
- intraparietal sulcus of Turner
- postcentral sulcus
- occipital ramus
- transverse occipital sulcus
- superior parietal lobule
- inferior parietal lobule
- posterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis posterior; ascending parietal convolution; postcentral gyre)
- superior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis superior)
- arcus parietoöccipitalis
- inferior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis inferior; subparietal district or lobule)
- subparietal sulcus
- precuneus (quadrate lobe)
- Occipital lobe (lobus occipitalis)
- transverse occipital sulcus
- lateral occipital sulcus
- lingual gyrus
- fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal convolution)
- Temporal lobe (lobus temporalis)
- transverse temporal gyri
- superior temporal sulcus
- parallel sulcus
- middle temporal sulcus
- superior temporal gyrus
- middle temporal gyrus
- inferior temporal gyrus
- inferior temporal sulcus
- fusiform gyrus
- Insula (island of Reil; central lobe)
- opercula of the insula
- orbital operculum
- circular sulcus
- Limbic lobe
- cingulate gyrus (gyrus cinguli; callosal convolution)
- callosal fissure
- Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
- hippocampal gyrus (gyrus hippocampi)
- cingulum
- uncus
- incisura temporalis
- Hippocampal fissure (fissura hippocampi; dentate fissure)
- Rhinencephalon
- Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
- olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius)
- olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
- Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
- olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
- olfactory trigone (trigonum olfactorium)
- parolfactory area of Broca (area parolfactoria)
- anterior perforated substance (substantia perforata anterior)
- fissure prima
- Uncus
- subcallosal gyrus (gyrus subcallosus; peduncle of the corpus callosum)
- supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus)
- fascia dentata hippocampi (gyrus dentatus)
Telencephalon – Interior of the Cerebral Hemispheres
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- corpus callosum
- Ventricles
- Lateral ventricles (ventriculus lateralis)
- septum pellucidum
- interventricular foramen
- ependyma
- cornuaШаблон:Disambiguation needed
- central part (pars centralis ventriculi lateralis; cella)
- Ventricles
- anterior cornu (cornu anterius; anterior horn; precornu)
- Ventricles
- rostrum
- posterior cornu (cornu posterius; postcornu)
- calcar avis (hippocampus minor)
- bulb of the posterior cornu
- inferior cornu (cornu inferior; descending horn; middle horn; medicornu)
- hippocampus (hippocampus major)
- hippocampus (hippocampus major)
- collateral eminence (eminentia collateralis)
- corpus striatum
- caudate nucleus (nucleus caudatus; caudatum)
- lentiform nucleus (nucleus lentiformis; lenticular nucleus; lenticula)
- medullary laminæ
- internal capsule (capsula interna)
- internal capsule (capsula interna)
- external capsule (capsula externa)
- substantia innominata of Meynert
- stria terminalis (tænia semicircularis)
- terminal vein (vein of the corpus striatum)
- lamina affixa
- Fornix
- Columns of fornix
- crura
- body (corpus fornicis)
- psalterium (lyra)
- hippocampal commissure
- ventricle of the fornix (ventricle of Verga)
- columns (columna fornicis; anterior pillars; fornicolumns)
- thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)
- olfactory fasciculus
- crura (crus fornicis; posterior pillars)
- Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
- Anterior commissure (precommissure)
- cavity of the septum pellucidum (cavum septi pellucidi; pseudocele; fifth ventricle)
- Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle (plexus chorioideus ventriculus lateralis; paraplexus)
- tela chorioidea of the third ventricle
- choroidal fissure
- tela chorioidea of the third ventricle (tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii; velum interpositum)
- transverse fissure of the brain
- internal cerebral veins (venæ Galeni)
- great cerebral vein (vena magna Galeni)
Telencephalon – Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- white substance
- gray substance of the hemisphere
- Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
- Nerve cells
- Nerve Fibers
- Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
- Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
Composition and central connections of the spinal nerves (Тема 190)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- typical spinal nerve
- Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
- superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
- spinotectal fasciculus
- spino-olivary fasciculus (olivospinal; bulbospinal, Helweg's bundle)
- Sympathetic afferent fibers (visceral afferentШаблон:Dn; viscero-sensory; splanchnic afferent)
- Sympathetic efferent fibers (splanchnic motor; viscero-motor; preganglionic fibers)
Composition and central connections of the cranial nerves (Тема 191)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Hypoglossal nerve (XII cranial)
- Accessory nerve (XI cranial)
- Vagus nerve (X cranial)
- Vagus nerve (X cranial)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
- Sympathetic afferent fibers
- Taste fibers
- Somatic motor fibers
- Sympathetic efferent fibers (motor and secretory fibers)
- Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
- Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
- Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
- lateral preolivary nucleus or semilunar nucleus
- mesial preolivary nucleus
- lateral lemniscus (lateral fillet)
- fillet of Reil
- lower and upper nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
- inferior colliculi (lower or posterior quadrigeminal bodies)
- medial geniculate body
- commissure of Gudden
- Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
- dorsal vestibular nucleus (medial or principal nucleus)
- inferior vestibular nucleus
- lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters's nucleus)
- Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
- Facial nerve (VII cranial)
- Abducens nerve (VI cranial)
- Abducens nerve (VI cranial)
- Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)
- Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)
- Trochlear nerve (IV cranial)
- Oculomotor nerve (III cranial)
- Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
- Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
- Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
- Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell
- Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell
- fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert
- interpeduncular ganglion
- tegmental bundle of Gudden
- cingulum
- dentate gyrus
- indusium
- medial longitudinal striæ (nerves of Lancisi)
- lateral longitudinal striæ
- gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance (diagonal band of Broca)
- olfactory projection fibers
- alveus
- fornix
- hippocampal commissure (ventral psalterium or lyre)
- bundle of Vicq d'Azyr (mammillo-thalamic fasciculus)
- amygdaloid nucleus and the tænia semicircularis (stria terminalis)
Pathways from the brain to the spinal cord (Тема 192)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Motor tract
- geniculate fibers
- cerebrospinal fibers
- decussation of the pyramids
- lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (crossed pyramidal tract)
- anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus (direct pyramidal tract)
- upper motor neurons
- lower motor neurons
- rubrospinal fasciculus
- vestibulospinal fasciculus (part of the anterior marginal fasciculus or Loewenthal's tract)
- pontospinal fasciculus (Bechterew)
The meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (Тема 193)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- dura mater
- cranial dura mater (dura mater encephali; dura of the brain)
- Structure
- Endosteal layer of dura mater
- Meningeal layer of dura mater
- arteries of Dura mater
- veins of Dura mater
- nerves of Dura mater
- spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
- spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
- Structure
- Dura mater: structure of:
- Arachnoid (Arachnoid membrane)
- Cranial arachnoid (Arachnoidea encephali)
- Spinal arachnoid (Arachnoidea spinalis)
- structure of Arachnoid
- Subarachnoid cavity (Cavum subarachnoideale, Subarachnoid space)
- Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales)
- Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales)
- openings
- Subarachnoid septum
- Ligamentum denticulatum
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Arachnoid villi (Granulationes arachnoideales, Arachnoid granulations, Glandulæ Pacchioni, Pacchionian glands)
- Pia mater
- Cranial nerves (Nervi cerebrales, Cerebral nerves)
- Nuclei: of origin of motor nerves
- Trigeminal nerve (Nervus trigeminus, Trifacial nerve, Fifth nerve)
- Semilunar ganglion (ganglion semilunare, Gasserian ganglion)
- Cavum Meckelii
- Ophthalmic nerve (Nervus ophthalmicus)
- Lacrimal nerve (Nervus lacrimalis)
- Frontal nerve (Nervus frontalis)
- Frontal nerve
- Nasociliary nerve (Nervus nasociliaris, Nasal nerve)
- Ciliary ganglion (ophthalmic ganglion or lenticular ganglion)
- Ciliary nerves
- Maxillary nerve (Nervus maxillaris, superior maxillary nerve)
- In the Cranium
- Middle meningeal nerve (Nervus meningeus medius, meningeal branch, dural branch)
- In the Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
- In the Pterygopalatine fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
- Sphenopalatine nerves (Nervi sphenopalatini)
- Posterior superior alveolar branches (Nervus rami alveolares superiores posteriores, posterior superior dental branches)
- In the Infraorbital canal
- Middle superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior medius; middle superior dental branch)
- Anterior superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior anteriores; Nervus ramus alveolaris superior anteriores, anterior superior dental branch, Anterior superior dental nerve)
- On the Face
- Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores; palpebral branches)
- External nasal branches (rami nasales externi, Nervus nasales externi)
- Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores, Nervus labialis superiores, labial branches)
- Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
- Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
- Greater superficial petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus superficialis major, Large superficial petrosal nerve)
- Deep petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus profundus, Large deep petrosal nerve)
- Nerve of pterygoid canal (Nervus canalis pterygoidei, Vidian nerve)
- Branches of Distribution
- orbital branches (rami orbitales; ascending branches)
- palatine nerves (nn. palatini; descending branches)
- anterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus anterior)
- middle palatine nerve (n. palatinus medius)
- posterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus posterior)
- posterior superior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores superiores)
- pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve)
- mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis; inferior maxillary nerve)
- Nervus spinosus
- Internal pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus internus)
- anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
- Masseteric nerve (Nervus massetericus)
- anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
- Deep temporal nerves (nn. temporales profundi)
- Букален нерв (n. buccalis)
- External pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus externus)
- posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
- Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
- anterior auricular branches (nn. auriculares anteriores)
- branches to the external acoustic meatus (n. meatus auditorii externi)
- articular branches
- parotid branches (rami parotidei)
- superficial temporal branch (rami temporales superficiales)
- Lingual nerve (n. lingualis)
- Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
- posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- Mylohyoid nerve (n. mylohyoideus)
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- dental branches
- incisive branch
- mental nerve (n. mentalis)
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- Otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)
- Submaxillary ganglion (ganglion submaxillare)
- cavernous sinus
- superior orbital fissure
- Orbits: relation of nerves in:
- Facial nerve (Nervus facialis, Seventh nerve)
- nervus intermedius (pars intermedii of Wrisberg)
- motor root
- sensory root
- Geniculum of facial nerve
- Genicular ganglion of facial nerve
- Parotid plexus
- greater superficial petrosal nerve (large superficial petrosal nerve)
- With the facial canal
- Nerve to the stapedius (n. stapedius; tympanic branch)
- Chorda tympani nerve
- At its exit from the stylomastoid foramen
- Posterior auricular nerve (n. auricularis posterior)
- Digastric branch (ramus digastricus)
- Stylohyoid branch (ramus stylohyoideus)
- On the face
- Temporal branches (rami temporales)
- Zygomatic branches (rami zygomatici; malar branches)
- Buccal branches (rami buccales; infraorbital branches)
- Mandibular branch (ramus marginalis mandibulæ)
- Cervical branch (ramus colli)
- acoustic nerve (Eighth nerve)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (Nervus glossopharyngeus, Ninth nerve)
- Ganglia
- Superior ganglion (ganglion superius; jugular ganglion)
- Petrous ganglion (ganglion petrosum; inferior ganglion)
- Branches of Distribution
- Tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus; nerve of Jacobson)
- Carotid branches (n. caroticotympanicus superior and n. caroticotympanicus inferior)
- Pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei)
- Muscular branch (ramus stylopharyngeus)
- Tonsillar branches (rami tonsillares)
- Lingual branches (rami linguales)
- Vagus nerve (Nervus vagus, Tenth nerve; Pneumogastric nerve)
- Jugular ganglion (ganglion of the root)
- Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk)
- Posterior pulmonary plexus
- Esophageal plexus
- Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk; inferior ganglion)
- In the Jugular fossa
- Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus; dural branch)
- Auricular branch (ramus auricularis; nerve of Arnold)
- In the Neck
- Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
- In the Neck
- Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
- Superior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus superior)
- external branch (ramus externus) – external laryngeal nerve
- internal branch (ramus internus) – internal laryngeal nerve
- Recurrent nerve (n. recurrens; inferior or recurrent laryngeal nerve)
- Superior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci superiores; cervical cardiac branches)
- upper branches
- lower branch
- In the Thorax
- Inferior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci inferiores; thoracic cardiac branches)
- In the Thorax
- Anterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales anteriores; anterior or ventral pulmonary branches)
- Posterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales posteriores; posterior or dorsal pulmonary branches)
- Esophageal branches (rami æsophagei)
- In the Abdomen
- Gastric branches (rami gastrici)
- Celiac branches (rami cæliaci)
- Hepatic branches (rami hepatici)
- accessory nerve (Nervus accessorius, Eleventh nerve; Spinal accessory nerve)
- Cranial Part (ramus internus; accessory portion)
- Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal portion)
- Meningeal branches (dural branches)
- Descending ramus (ramus descendens; descendens hypoglossi)
- Thyrohyoid branch (ramus thyreohyoideus)
- Muscular branches
- spinal nerves (Nervi spinales)
- first cervical nerve (suboccipital nerve)
- Nerve roots
- Anterior root (radix anterior; ventral root)
- Posterior root (radix posterior; dorsal root)
- Spinal ganglia (ganglion spinale)
- spinal nerve
- gray ramus communicans
- white ramus communicans
- somatic fibers
- sympathetic fibers (splanchnic fibers)
- posterior divisions (Rami Posteriores)
- Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
- Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
- posterior division of the second cervical nerve
- medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch)
- greater occipital nerve (n. occipitalis major; great occipital nerve)
- lateral branch (ramus lateralis; external branch)
- medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch)
- posterior division of the third cervical nerve
- posterior cervical plexus
- posterior divisions of the lower five cervical nerves
- posterior division of the second cervical nerve
- Thoracic nerves (Nn. Thoracales)
- medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch)
- upper six thoracic nerves
- lower six thoracic nerves
- lateral branches (ramus lateralis; external branch)
- medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch)
- Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
- Sacral nerves (Nn. Sacrales)
- upper three sacral nerves
- lower two sacral nerves
- Coccygeal nerve (N. Coccygeus)
- anterior divisions (Rami Anteriores)
- Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
- anterior division of the first (suboccipital nerve)
- upper four cervical nerves
- cervical plexus (plexus cervicalis)
Superficial Branches of the Cervical plexus
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Smaller occipital nerve (n. occipitalïs minor; small occipital nerve)
- Great auricular nerve (n. auricularis magnus)
- Great auricular nerve
- anterior branch (ramus anterior; facial branch)
- posterior branch (ramus posterior; mastoid branch)
- Cutaneous cervical (n. cutaneus colli; superficial or transverse cervical nerve)
- ascending branches (rami superiores)
- Cutaneous cervical
- descending branches (rami inferiores)
- Supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares; descending branches)
- anterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares anteriores; suprasternal nerves)
- middle supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares medii; supraclavicular nerves)
- posterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares posteriores; supra-acromial nerves)
Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. INTERNAL SERIES
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Communicating branches
- Muscular branches
- Communicantes cervicales (communicantes hypoglossi)
- descendens cervicalis
- ansa hypoglossi
- Phrenic nerve (n. phrenicus; internal respiratory nerve of Bell)
Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. EXTERNAL SERIES
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Branchial plexus (plexus brachialis)
Supraclavicular Branches
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Dorsal scapular nerve (n. dorsalis scapulæ; nerve to the Rhomboidei; posterior scapular nerve)
- Suprascapular nerve (n. suprascapularis)
- Nerve to the subclavius (n. subclavius)
- Long thoracic nerve (n. thoracalis longus; external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve)
- Lateral cord: Musculocutaneous (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral anterior thoracic (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral head of median (6, 7 C)
- Medial cord: Medial anterior thoracic (8 C, 1 T), Medial antibrachial cutaneous, Medial brachial cutaneous, Ulnar, Medial head of median, Upper subscapular (5, 6 C), Lower subscapular (5, 6 C.)
- Posterior cord: Thoracodorsal (5, 6, 7 C.), Axillary (5, 6 C.), Radial (6, 7, 8 C, 1 T.)
- Anterior thoracic nerves (nn. thoracales anteriores)
- lateral anterior thoracic (fasciculus lateralis)
- medial anterior thoracic (fasciculus medialis)
- Subscapular nerves (nn. subscapulares)
- Subscapular nerves
- upper subscapular (short subscapular)
- lower subscapular
- Thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis; middle or long subscapular nerve)
- Axillary nerve (n. axillaris; circumflex nerve)
- anterior branch of axillary nerve (upper branch)
- posterior branch of axillary nerve (lower branch)
- Musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus)
- lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii cutaneous lateralis; branch of musculocutaneous nerve)
- Medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii medialis; internal cutaneous nerve)
- Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii medialis; lesser internal cutaneous nerve; nerve of Wrisberg)
- Median nerve (n. medianus)
- In the forearm
- muscular branches (rami musculares)
- volar interosseous nerve (n. interosseus volaris; anterior interosseous nerve)
- palmar branch (ramus cutaneus palmaris n. mediani)
- In the palm of the hand
- In the forearm
- Ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris)
- articular branches to the elbow-joint
- muscular branches of ulnar nerve (rami musculares)
- palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
- dorsal branch of ulnar nerve (ramus dorsalis manus)
- volar branch of ulnar nerve (ramus volaris manus)
- superficial branch of ulnar nerve (ramus superficialis [n. ulnaris])
- deep branch of ulnar nerve (ramus profundus)
- Radial nerve (n. radialis; musculospiral nerve)
- Muscular branches of the radial nerve (rami musculares)
- Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
- posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii posterior; internal cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
- Radial nerve
- Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
- dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii dorsalis; external cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
- Superficial branch of the radial nerve (ramus superficialis radial nerve)
- Deep branch of the radial nerve (n. interosseus dorsalis; dorsal or posterior interosseous nerve)
- Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
- anterior divisions of the thoracic nerves (rami anteriores; ventral divisions)
- First thoracic nerve
- first intercostal nerve
- Upper thoracic nerves (nn. intercostales)
- thoracic intercostal nerves
- Lateral cutaneous branches (rami cutanei laterales)
- Lower thoracic nerves
- thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves
- anterior cutaneous branches
- lateral cutaneous branches
- twelfth thoracic nerve
- lateral cutaneous branch
- lumbosacral plexus (Plexus Lumbosacralis)
- Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
- anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves (rami anteriores)
- lumbosacral trunk
- Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
- Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
- lateral cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus lateralis; iliac branch)
- anterior cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus anterior; hypogastric branch)
- Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)
- Genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis; genitocrural nerve)
- external spermatic nerve (n. spermaticus externus; genital branch of genitofemoral)
- lumboinguinal nerve (n. lumboinguinalis; femoral or crural branch of genitofemoral)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis lateralis; external cutaneous nerve)
- Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- anterior branch (ramus anterior)
- posterior branch (ramus posterior)
- Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- Accessory obturator nerve (n. obturatorius accessorius)
- Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
- intermediate cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; middle cutaneous nerve)
- medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
- Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
- medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
- subsartorial plexus
- Muscular branches (rami musculares)
- Saphenous nerve (n. saphenus; long or internal saphenous nerve)
- infrapatellar branch
- plexus patellæ
- articular branch to the hip-joint
- articular branches to the knee-joint
The sacral and coccygeal nerves (Тема 213)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Sacral plexus (plexus sacralis)
- Nerve to the Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior
- Nerve to the Piriformis
- Superior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus superior)
- Inferior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus inferior)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
- gluteal branches (nn. clunium inferiores)
- perineal branches (rami perineales)
- inferior pudendal (long scrotal nerve)
- branches to the back of the thigh and leg
- Sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus; great sciatic nerve)
- Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
- Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
- Articular branches (rami articulares)
- Muscular branches (rami musculares)
- medial sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ medialis; n. communicans tibialis)
- Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
- sural nerve (n. suralis; short saphenous nerve)
- medial calcaneal branches (rami calcanei mediales; internal calcaneal branches)
- medial plantar nerve (n. plantaris medialis; internal plantar nerve)
- cutaneous branches
- muscular branches
- articular branches
- proper digital nerve of the great toe (nn. digitales plantares proprii; plantar digital branches)
- three common digital nerves (nn. digitales plantares communes)
- Lateral plantar nerve (n. plantaris lateralis; external plantar nerve)
- Common peroneal nerve (n. peronæus communis; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve)
- lateral sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ lateralis; lateral cutaneous branch)
- peroneal anastomotic (n. communicans fibularis)
- Deep peroneal nerve (n. peronæus profundus; anterior tibial nerve)
- muscular branches
- articular branch
- lateral terminal branch (external or tarsal branch)
- medial terminal branch (internal branch)
- dorsal digital nerves (nn. digitales dorsales hallucis lateralis et digiti secundi medialis)
- interosseous branch
- Superficial peroneal nerve (n. peronæus superficialis; musculocutaneous nerve)
- medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis; internal dorsal cutaneous branch)
- intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis intermedius; external dorsal cutaneous branch)
- Pudendal plexus (plexus pudendus)
- Perforating cutaneous nerve (n. clunium inferior medialis)
- Срамен нерв (n. pudendus)
- Alcock’s canal
- dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
- inferior hemorrhoidal nerve (n. hæmorrhoidalis inferior)
- perineal nerve (n. perinei)
- posterior scrotal branches (or labial) (nn. scrotales (or labiales) posteriores
- muscular branches
- dorsal nerve of the penis (n. dorsalis penis)
- Anococcygeal nerves (nn. anococcygei)
- cranial sympathetics
- Sympathetic efferent fibers of the Oculomotor nerve
- Sympathetic efferent fibers of the Facial nerve
- Thoracolumbar sympathetics
- central ganglia
- prevertebral plexuses
- sympathetic trunks (truncus sympathicus; gangliated cord)
- нечифтен ганглий
- Connections with the Spinal nerves
- gray and white rami communicantes
- central ganglia
The cephalic portion of the sympathetic system (Тема 215)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- internal carotid nerve
- internal carotid plexus (plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus)
- сънен ганглий
- deep petrosal
- caroticotympanic
- cavernous plexus (plexus cavernosus)
- filaments of connection
- terminal filaments
The cervical portion of the sympathetic system (Тема 216)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
- Inferior branch
- Lateral branches (external branches)
- Medial branches (internal branches)
- laryngopharyngeal branches (rami laryngopharyngei)
- superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
- pharyngeal plexus
- superior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus superior)
- Anterior branches (nn. carotici externi)
- external petrosal nerve
- middle cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale medium)
- Middle cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus medius; great cardiac nerve)
- inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
- inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
- подключична бримка (Vieussenii)
- inferior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus inferior)
- offsets to bloodvessels
The thoracic portion of the sympathetic system (Тема 217)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- branches from the upper five ganglia
- branches from the lower seven ganglia
- greater splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus major; great splanchnic nerve)
- ganglion splanchnicum
- lesser splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus minor)
- lowest splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus imus; least splanchnic nerve)
The abdominal portion of the sympathetic system (Тема 218)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Pars Abdominalis S. Sympathici; Lumbar portion of Gangliated cord
The pelvic portion of the sympathetic system (Тема 219)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]The great plexuses of the sympathetic system (Тема 220)
[редактиране | редактиране на кода]- Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
- Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
- Posterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius posterior; left coronary plexus)
- Anterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius anterior; right coronary plexus)
- Слънчев сплит (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- Чревни ганглии (ganglia cæliaca; semilunar ganglia)
- aorticorenal ganglion
- phrenic plexus (plexus phrenicus)
- Слънчев сплит (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- ganglion phrenicum
- чернодробен сплит (plexus hepaticus)
- inferior gastric plexus
- слезков сплит (plexus lienalis; splenic plexus)
- Слънчев сплит (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- superior gastric plexus (plexus gastricus superior; gastric plexus or coronary plexus)
- надбъбречен сплит (plexus suprarenalis)
- бъбречен сплит (plexus renalis)
- spermatic plexus (plexus spermaticus) / ovarian plexus (plexus arteriæ ovaricæ)
- superior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus superior)
- abdominal aortic plexus (plexus aorticus abdominalis; aortic plexus)
- inferior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus inferior)
- Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- Middle hemorrhoidal plexus (plexus hæmorrhoidalis medius)
- Vesical plexus (plexus vesicalis)
- Prostatic plexus (plexus prostaticus)
- Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- lesser cavernous nerves (nn. cavernosi penis minores; small cavernous nerves)
- greater cavernous nerve (n. cavernosus penis major; large cavernous plexus)
- Vaginal plexus
- Uterine plexus